Shoe pressing apparatus



Jan. 31, 1933.

SHOE PREssING APPARATUS Filed Nov, 5' 1929 Jan. 31, 1933. R. v. RlTcHEY 1,895,941

SHOE PREss'ING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 5, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Alm 67; LIIIIV 'Y l0 Jan. 31, 1933. R, V, RlTCHEY I 1,895,941

SHOE PRESS ING APPARATUS Filed NOV. 5, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jan. 31, 1933. R. v. Rl'rcHl-:Y 1,895,941

SHOE PREssING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 5, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Illm llllmlllllhl 4f i0 1 l Q Q a I 7K 79 7K @Mw 70 77 @kwy l Patented Jan. 31, 1933 UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE noscon v. RrrcHTiY, oP AKRON, omo, AssIGNoR To THE B. F. Goonarcrr COMPANY, L;

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION F YORK snor*I PnEssING APPARATUS Y Application led November This inventionrelates to shoe pressing apparatus, and more especially to apparatus for applying mechanical pressure to the sole and adjacent portions of a'lasted shoe to press the outsole thereag'ainst and to fold the marginal The chief objects ofthe invention are to sa-veitime in the pressingof footwear, whereby the output of the operator is increased,

' and to provide improved apparatus for so doing. More specific objects are to provide shoe pressing apparatus.` of the diaphragm type in which the diaphragm will'have longer life; which will operate uniformly on shoes of all sizes; which will be capable of operating under relatively high pressure and thus improve the adhesion of the parts pressed; and which will not distort or displace parts of the shoe being pressed.

Of the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a rear elevation'of apparatus embodying my invention in its preferred form.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the apparatus, viewed from the front thereof.V

Fig. 3 is a section on line 3 8 of Fig.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Fig.

Fig. 5 is a section on line 5 5 of Fig.

Fig. 6 is a section on line 46 6 of Fig.

1 Fig. 7 is a section on line 7 7 of Fig.

Fig. 8 is a section on line 8 8 of Fig.

Fig. 9 is a section on line 9 9 of Fig.

Fig. 10 is a perspectiveview of a driving rnssessssss pinion,l and clutch mechanism associated therewith.

Broadly my invention comprises a plurality of supports, herein shown as two, for footwear such as lasted' shoes, and a pressing device adapted to be brought into operative association with said shoe supports, in alternation, to press the shoesv supported thereby. `Referring to the drawings, the apparatus comprises a base member 10 from the opposite ends of which rise frame members 11, -11- which support between them upon-their upper ends a pair of pots 12, 12, thelatter being positioned side by side and secured to said frame members 11 andto each other. The upper side of eachfpot 12 is provided with portions of the sole onto the shoe upper to adhesively attach it thereto.`

5,1929. Serial N'o. 404,969.

an inwardly dished closure member 13, the p represent parts of the same spherical figure.

The dished form of `each closure 13 provides a recess 14 and each closure 13 is formed Y withv a central aperture 15, in the form of an elongate slot having .roundedfends lIn plan,

`the recess 14 is substantially*elliptical. t The "'360 pot l2 is formed interiorly with an elon ate, annular flange or wall 16. `which rises l rom its bottom wall to a planesubs'tantially flush. with the upper margin ,of .the pot, and is en'- gaged by a complemental liange 17 extending 565 downwardly from the closure 13 about the' margin of its central aperture 15. Thewall 16 thus provides support for the central region of the'closure 18, and dividesthe pot12 into an inner chamber 18 and an outer cham.- "170 upper end of which extends into the chamber C 18 and isnotched as at 22 to receive the shank of a last 23,*ha`ving a shoe 24 thereon,v and to support the last for thepressing operation.- The notch 22 in thevlast-support21 is disposed parallelA to the side walls `of the .280

chamber 18 and is of such length as to engage the Shanks of allflasts, from the smallest Ito thelargest, when said lasts are positioned centrally ofthe cover-aperture 15,.

20, is provided with a bevel gear 27 meshed7190 f with a bevel gear 28 mounted upon a shaft 29 V'which is JournalledinV brackets 30, 30 mounted upon one of the frame members 11.. The shaft 29 extends to one side of. the machine andis there provided withraV bandicrank 31 whereby both screwsg25 maybe concurrentlyV rotated to raise or lower the `lastsupports 21 within lthe pots 12. The arrangement of the last-supports is such that both s, are disposed radially with relation to the each pot y-The last-support 21 is mounted upon the S85 fdamage 'to the-latterwhen vsaid shoe is mount-v ed upon the shoesupport 21.

The plate 33 and the floor of thedished cover 13 are adapted to afford a stop for a sole pressing diaphragnnthe said plate extending entirely about the shoe at a substantial distance Yfrom the -sole yof the rlatterI but in close proximity tothe adjacent surface Y of*v the shoe, so that a diaphragm distended' by `Vfluid pressure into the angle formed by the :platev and vthel shoe will not be requiredV of its own strengthftoibridge such a gap between .the twogas to `be subjected toexcessive strain bythe-Huid pressure. The plate .33 is easily removable froniits seat in the cover-member 13, and/various plates are provided having different sized Y-openings therein to' accommodate shoes ofrdifferent sizes. In every plate y.theshoe-receiving opening is so positioned that ashoe mounted therein has its longitudi- 'nal extremities disposedL substantially equidistant'from the margins vof the diaphragm with the result that uniform distension of the -l'atter obtains during a' shoe-pressing voperation,A The vertical' adjustment -of'the shoesupport 21Yandthe length of the notch 22 in its upper face enable it to engage and support the 'shank portions of lasts of any size, and 'holdit with the sole-'face of the shoes below theextended spherical top surface ofthe closure 13. 1

` vAn upper presser-head adapted to coact in alternation with the lower shoesupporting {and-positioning structures just described comprises -a dome-like supporting structure 35 having an'elastic'diaphragm 36 mounted inthe manner of'a drum head upon its margin, the `margin Y ofl the ldiaphragm 36' being y clamped'tothe margin yof' the dome bymeans 37 is secured, 'is'concentric with the spherical 'sfurfaceof the closures 13 so as to'permit it to be positionedl closely adjacent theretowith e e 55 {'but little clearance.v ,Thedome' 35 in plan. has

of anannular clamping plate 37. The margitualr face of the dome V35, to which the plate 'thek contour of an ellipse, so that the dia- :phragm mounted thereon is concave along 'long axis and chordalin a transverse direc- -t1on.y Thearra'n'gement lis such thatin nor- 'malk unstretched-condition the diaphragm will lightly rest upon the sole of` a- `shoe mounted in the recess 14.

Behind the diaphragm 36`is vafconcaw'fejbackjingplate 38 which'is secured to or formed integral with the dome adjacent the lower mar- "gin of the latter, and said plate is formed on its surface next to the diaphragm with spaced apart, disconnected ribs or lugs 39, 39 which hold the diaphragm out of complete surface contact with the plate 38 in the region over the work to be pressed. The space between the diaphragm 36 and backing plate38 is e sealed except for a port 40 opening into said space through the backing plate in a central region surrounded ,by the klugs 3 9, and the open end ofvsaid port isprpvided witha pervious screen v41 to prevent the diaphragm being suckedthereinto when suction is applied to the diaphragm, upon occasion, dur-V ing a shoe-pressing cycle of operations.

The port 40 connects with a passage 46 vformed in a post or 'column42 extending from the plate 38 to the dome v35 to reinforce the plate 38, and a pipe 43 having communication with the p`ortf40 'extends through the dome to arpoint at the'rear ofthe apparatus land is 1 'there connectedwith a flexible pipe or conduit Y 44 extending to a valvestructure 45V mounted `on brackets 74,' 75iand adapted to supply i" fluid pressure or suction to the diaphragm 36,

,through the conduit 44as presentlywill bey described.H The passage ,46' formed inthe :column 42 is provided with a pressurefgauge j 47 on topy of the dome. i f Y The presser-head is mounted upon the-up- Per eldS Of apair of .bifurcated rocker-arms:t

48, 48 which'aresecured to the `dome 35 by spherical surface/ofthe closure members 13', 1

transverselyfof the apparatus, is concentric withthe axis of thejrock-shaft 50, so that the presser-.head'may be oscillatedbackand forthl andi thereby posi-tioned'over one or the .otherf ofthe shoe-mounting positions. i Y u I Smooth, arcuate, guide surfaces 51,511 are .formed on `opposite ends V.of the pots 12,"and Y i `makec'ontactwith the inner lateral faces of the vrespective rockersarms 48v to. hold the Vsame against lateral deflection.' Abutments Y .or `st ops 52', 52 are lpositionedfat theopposite ends of the'respective guide surfaces for engaging the rocker-'arms thereat to define` the operative positions of the presser-head at Aeither end'ofits'path oftravel.V f l lOne. of 'the rocker-arms 48 has secured vthereto adjacent itsjpivoted end agear-segment 53`meshed with a rack 54, the end portions of the latter beingy slidably mounted in cylinders 55, 55. secured fto" the base-casting 10, and backed byv compression' springs 56, 56 mounted in said'cylinders. The springs 56, being lopposed to each other, serve to bal-V ancejthe"rockerfarms 48 and permit the presser-head. to be manually'` swung easily, quickly `and without airfrom one operative position'to-the other.

2 L Associated withvv the-presser-head Vsupporting structure is mechanism adapted to `be automatically set in motion by the oscillation of the said structure to effect a cycle of operations upon the Work, said cycle comprising the ybreaking of a vacuum between the backing-plate 38 and diaphragm 36 which has held the latter against the backing-plate during the oscillation of the presser-head, the admission of fluid pressure behind the diaphragm to distend the same and force it to the positions shown in Figs. 2 and 4 to press an outsole onto the shoe 24 and fold the margin of said sole ontothe side `faces of the shoe, the venting of the space mounted upon a frame member 11, and having a Huid inlet-pipe 58, a fluid outlet-pipe 59, a` second fluid outlet-pipe 60, and an exhaust port (not shown), said valvebeing adapted to admit fluid to the outlet pipes 59,

60 in alternation, and to discharge the fluid -from one pipe, through the exhaust port, as

the other pipe is charged. The valve 57 is provided with the usual operating lever 61 to the frce'end of which is pivotally connected 'one end of a link or rod 62, the other end of the rod passing freely through an apertured stud 63 swiveled on the outer face of one of the rocker-arms 48. Collars 64,-* 64 are clamped upon the rod 62 at suitable positions where they are engaged, alternatively, by the Ystud 63 as the presser-head is oscillated from one position to the other, to push or pull theV rod 62 and thus to operate the valve 57.

Mounted. upon the respective frame members 11 are opposed fluid pressure cylinders 65, 66, positioned horiZont-allyin axial alignment and having their adjacent ends open, the pistons 67, 68 of said lcylinders being interconnected by a pair of gear racks 69, 70 which are reciprocated by the charging and discharging of the cylinders 65, 66, in alternation. The fluid pressure pipes 59, 60 from the valve 57 communicate with the closed ends of the cylinders 65, 66 for so actuating them. i The racks 69, 70 are positioned at different elevations in different vertical planes and mesh with respective pinions 71, 72 on their upper and lower sides respectively. The pinions 71, 72 are'journalled upon one end of a cam-shaft 73 which is journalled in a pair of bracket-s 74, 7 5 rising from the base-casting 10, the other end of said shaft being provided with a hand wheel 7 6. The bracket 74 is formed at its upper extremity with an overhanging portion 74a which includes a slideway for the rack 69, and has an L-shaped plate 77 secured to its outer face, which plate is `positioned between the pinions 71, 72 and sfine accurately the extent `el, 92 and 93..

under the rack70 to providea vslideway yfor the latter and to prevent angular movement ofthe piston and rack assembly.

Each of the pinions 71, 72 is formed at diametricallyopposite` points with arpair of.70 square recesses, such Vas therecesses 78, 7 8, Fig. 9, which recesses open onto the plane face of the pinion remote `fromthe plate 77, and seated in said recesses are individual spring-backed teeth 79, 79 which have theirY 75 uter` faces beveled, as is clearly shown in Fixed upon` the shaft 73,'in laterally abutting relation to the pinions 71, 72 are'respec- `tive collars 80, 81, and the face ofy eachcol-ff8O lar, adjacent the pinion, is formedwithoppositely disposed recesses 82, 82 vcomplemental in shape to the beveled ends of `the teeth 79. The arrangement is such that'rotation of either pinion will drive` its com- 485 panion collar,in one direction only, by reason ofthe engagement ofthe teeth 79, with the recesses 82 of the collar, the teeth moving inwardly, against: the forceof their Vbacking springs, when the pinion is rotatedrin re- 190' verse direction. The arrangement of teeth in the pinions 71, 72 and recesses in the collars 80,;81'is such'that said collars are rotated only in one direction although thepinions have a forward and backward movement due95 to reciprocation of theraclrs 69,370; The length of 'stroke of said racks is sufficient to impart one 'complete revolution toeach pinion 71,172, and1 consequently to the shaft 73,

at each vcharging of either cylinder65, 66, l1-1.00 and adjustable stop-bolts 83, 83 arethreaded into thev closed ends of said cylinders to de- A of each pistons movement. Y n l Keyed to the cam-shaft. 7 3 are apluralityi'; 1 ofcams 84, 85, and 86, which cams control respectively the fluid-,pressure finlet, the exhaust port, and the suction outletfof-the valve structure 45, as is shown most 'clearlyin'Figs 4, 5, and 6. l Referring to said figures yit will-52110 be seen that the valve structure 45 is inl teriorly formed with seven chambers, namely, anelongate chamber 87 extending along vone side. of the structure, a series .of three upper chambers 88, 89, 90- arranged beside the chamber 87, and a series of three chambers 88a, 89a, 90a disposed besidethe chamber 87 and below the respective chambers 88, 89, and

`90, and. havingr access 'to 'the latter through ports provided with respective tappet valves The chamber 88is inl com-` munication with the'chamber 87, the chamber 89 is provided withl an exhaustport 94, and the chamber 90 is incommunication with a source of suction, (not shown)through a pipe 95. The chamber 88a is in communication with a source of fluid pressure (not shown) through; a pipe 96, thechamber 89a is in communication with chamber 87, the chamber 90a is in communicationwith the T lievvalves ltheirV respective ports upon being depressed, ,and are normally urgedv upwardly to close Y'chamb'erS'Q andthe chamber` 87 has coin- 'inunication with Y said ports by respective compression springs -said valve structure.y

. mounted upon their stems, said stems extending upwardly through the wall of the valve structure 45 and having their upper ends provvidedwith flat heads or caps, the springs being disposed between saidcaps andthe top of The valve 91, 92, and 93l are depressed by respective-tappets 97, 98and 99 :whi ch are 1 Y 'pivotally mounted on a tappet-rod 100 which y -issupported by the brackets 7 4, 7 5. VThe free ends of thetappetsxrest upon 'the heads of thevalves 91, 92, 93, and are provided with respectivev cam rollers which engage thel pe V73 moves the cam 86'to releasethe valve 93 ripheralfaces of the cams'r84, 85,- and 86.

The cams are so arranged on thefshaft '73 that r one revolution of the latter effects acomplete cycle` of wpressurelconditions within` the presserhead.

To preventlthe diaphragm 36`4 from adher- -ingto the shoe 24 during thepressing thereof,

lthe diaphragmv isusprayed `with a soapy luid from time to time at the discretion of the operator. A sup-ply 1701 off the soapyrlui'd vis contained in thel chamberV 19 of one of, the pots 12,7and a hose or pipe 102 extendsfrom 4the ybottom thereof toa recess i103,- opening onto theV upper faces of" the closuremembers 13 at their abuttingmargins and is there provided with a plurality ofnozzles such as the jnozzle 1-04 disposed parallel .tofsaid upper Fluid pressure nozzles 10,5 mountedk faces'. l in the recess 103 kand directed across the ends of the respective nozzles 104 toward the open side thereof, are connected by a pipe 106 toV vthe iuidpressure line58, and a hand-operated `valve 107 is mounted in the pipe 106 at a' point accessible'to the operator. The device operates onthe' principle of the ejector,

Vto spray soapy {iuid from the nozzles 10.4

' onto the diaphragmV 36 when pressure luid'is `during the spraying operation.

|`delivered from the nozzles 105, the presser-Vv head being moved slowly over the recess 103 the operation of the apparatus, the

presser-head willbe lnormally positioned over one of the pot-closure members 13, and the cam 86on the shaft 73 willlbe depressing the valve 93 so that suction in the pipe 95 is trans- Hmitted through the-chambers 90, 900J and 87 ofthe valve structure 45, and the flexible con,- duit `44, to the presser-headA and holds the elastic diaphragmY 36 therein against the arcuatebacking plate 38, the lugs 39of the 'latter f :assuring the Vapplication. of suction 'substan- 'G5-,portion resting. upon the support 21 andits tially tothe entire surface of the diaphragm.

open the port between chambers 88,8812 of toe portion resting uponthe cushion member 34 of the plate 33. A The presser-head is then manuallyoscillated orr swung to itsv alternative position, over the unpressed shoe,

which movement'of the presser-head automatically actuates mechanism for effecting va complete cycle of pressingconditioiis Within vthe ipresseihead. f'

The immediate result of the" movement of the presser-head is to cause the lug 63 thereon toA engage one or the other of the collars 64 `on the rod 62, and, by actuating the valve'57, to admit pressure fluid, preferably air, to the cylinder 65 or 66. Charging ofreither' cyl-I inderresults in rectilinear movement of the racks 69, 70 and by the mechanism comprisn ing the pinions 71, 72 and 'clutchcollars 80,81,

effects one complete revolution vofthe V0am- Shaft'f.. f K l.

Initial angular movement of the cam-shaft and permits the latter to close and thus shut i Vapparatus in the relative positions shown inv 'the Vseveral drawings, the cam 84 being `brought into operative position, as shown in Fig'. 5, yto depress the valve 91l and thereby to the Valve-structure 45. This permits Ifluid pressure from. the pipe 96'to pass into the pipe and thenceto the spacev backof the diaphragm V36, with the result that the latter 'is distendedand forced closely 'into engage-k ment with those portions of the Vshoe 24dieposed above the plate 33 Within 'the recess' 14 of the pot-closure 13. v

As thel rotation of the cam-shaft proceeds, the vcam 84 releases'thevalve 91 permitting vit toY close roffthe pressure fluid supply, and

the cain85 functions to depress the valve 92, thus permitting the pressure Huid the presser-head to'escapetherefrom through the exhaust 'port' 94 of the valveV structure 45.

iio i Next, the cam 86 moves into position torde Y press the valve 93 and again "establish suction `back of thediaphragni 36to draw thel same taut against its backing plate 38'. Y

This completes a cycle of operations', whic iis is automatically repeated asV often as the' presser-headV is moved from one shoelpressing position t'o the other. f When the presser-head Y Vis movedinto shoe-pressing positiomthe iin# fished shoe in the alternate position 'is' removed and an impressed shoe mounted in its place. This operation requires aboutthe same length of time Vas the shoe-pressing cycle so that the operatorVv is continuously ,emfploy'ed. 'y I,

7 The spherical contour of the closu'rememi f bers 13 makes it possible Vto so positionthe diaphragm 36 with relation to the work that thestretch of the diaphragm inthe pressing' vof' theyworlncis materially reduced.'` 'Thus' rss-wif it will be observed that the ancho-rage of the diaphragm at the front and rear of the work is substantially below the sole-face thereof, (see Fig. 4) and at the sides is substantially at the same level (see Fig. 2). The result is that the diaphragm is not excessively stretched in being distended to embrace the portions of the shoe adjacent the sole, and consequently there is little relative movement between the diaphragm and shoe-sole such as otherwise would displace or distort the latter.

The provision for mounting shoes of various sizes substantially in the middle of the recess 14 makes for uniformity of stretch in the various regions of the diaphragm and avoids excessive strains thereon. Thus the diaphragm will have longer life than, diaphragms used with other devices of this same general character, and higher fluid pressure safely may be utilized, with resulting improvement of the product due to better adhesion of the component parts thereof.

The invention is susceptible of modification within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

l. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising a shoe-supporting structure having a spherical top face formed with a shallow recess in which the sole and adjacent portions of the shoe are disposed, means for positioning an elastic diaphragm over said recess, and means for distending the diaphragm to cause it to envelop those portions of the shoe within the recess.

2. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising a plurality of shoe-"supports, a presser-head adapted to be positioned selectively over said shoe-supports solely by edgewise movement of translation, and means for so positioning the presser-head.

3. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising a pair of adjacent shoe supports, a presser-head adapted to be positioned, in alternation, over said supports, and means automatically actuated by the positioning of the presser-head for effecting a cycle of pressure conditions therein.

4. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising adjacent shoe-supporting stations, an elastic diaphragm adapted to be positioned selectively over said stations, and means for so positioning said diaphragm solely by an edgewise movement of translation.

5. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising a pair of adjacent shoe supports having an arcuate top surface, a presser-head positionable in alternation over said shoe supports, and means for so positioning said presserhead by a movement of translation along the said arcuate surface.

6. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising a pair of adjacent shoe-supporting stations having a spherical top face, a presser-head, having a lower margin of complemental contour, lpositionable in alternation oversaid sta-j tions, and means forj lso positioning said presser-head by `oscillation vcoaxial with said sphericaltop-face of the stations.

7. Shoe-pressing apparatus as .dened in' claim 8 including `means automatically actu-. ated .upon the positioning Iof the'presser-head for effecting la cycle of pressure conditions therein. Y

,l 8. ,Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising a pluralityof shoe supports, ar presser-headselectively positionable thereupoman-d means for concurrently adjusting said shoe supports withrelation to said presser-head.

`9. lSlhfole-'pressing apparatus comprising; a'l structure having an arcuate top-face, a pairl of shoe supports mountedtherein and vdis-l a. presser-head positiona-ble selectively l@ver said shoe-supports, and meansffor concurrently adjustingsaid shoe-supports with .relation'toV said presser-head. f ,v

10. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising a pair of adjacent shoe-supports, a presser-head Y posedfradially with relation to said Vtop-face,

rob

its

position, a member surrounding at least a p ortion of a shoe supported in the said position and terminating, in the direction of the sole of the shoe, in an annular surface, a

presser-head having an annular surface which is substantially complementary to the said annular surface, said presser-head including a fluid backed diaphragm and a mounting for said presser-head pivotally arranged for movement of the latter solely by edgewise movement of translation to a position overlying the supported shoe and to position offset therefro v 13. Shoe-pressing apparatus comprising means for supporting a shoe in a determinate position, a member surrounding a shoe supported in the said position and terminating, in the direction of the sole of the shoe, in an annular surface to which the shank-to-sole axis of the shoe is approximately normal, a presser-head having an lannular surface which is substantially complementary to the first said annular surface, said presser-head including a Huid-backed diaphragm, and-1 mounting for said presser-head pivoted on an ist l position, a membersurroundin axis soclose to the saidr axis Yof the shoefexfl tended thatthe presser-head maybe swung about the said axis to-a`position such that the two saidl annular, substantially complementary surfaces are closely `presented to each otherv Without substantial Vlateral"displacing force resulting from distendin lof the said diaphragm against the shoe an to a position off-set `from theV position in which the shoe is supported. K f Y, K f14. Siide-.pressingy apparatus 4,comprising means for supporting a shoe in a determinateat "least a portion of a shoe supported in t e savdvposif tionand terminating, in the direction ofthe sole'fof the shoe,in an annularsurface, a`

presser-headhaving an annular surface which lissiib'stantially complementary to the ysaid annularsurface, and su} portingg; means fuorl said presser-head constitutingv therewith astirrup-Vflike strcture pivoted to vswing into and ont of association with therflrst'said member. t. Av In witness whereofl have hereuntoset my hand this 23rd day of October, 1929.

e' noso'oE V. RITCHEY. y

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,895,941. January 31, 1933.

ROSCOE V. RITCHEY.

it is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, line 71, claim 7, for claim number "8" read "6"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the saine may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 6th day of June, A. D. 1933.

M. J. Moore.

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

